The short answer is yes. 

It helps to understand what an RCD does: 

An RCD (Residual Current Device) is an electrical device that breaks the power to the circuit when earth leakage is detected on a circuit. 

What is earth leakage I hear you ask? 

Earth leakage is an instance where electrical current in a circuit leaves the live conductors (Live and Neutral) and starts 'leaking' down to earth. 

So why is that a problem? 

The problem comes when you don't have an RCD. Electrical current is free to leak down to earth through the least resistive path. 

If you touch the faulty item and form a path to earth then its possible that the earth path you have just created will be of a lower resistance than the one that is currently in place. This causes the current to flow through you and thus, give you an electric shock.